Secondary or solidarity strikes involve unions striking not against their own employer but in support of workers from another company or industry. Currently, countries like the US, the UK, Australia, Canada, and Germany generally prohibit these strikes.

Benevolent sexism refers to views that appear positive but actually promote traditional gender norms and limit women's future opportunities. It targets women who conform to traditional gender roles, praising them for being "feminine" or "nurturing," and enforcing the belief that men are expected to be chivalrous and defend women.

Under international law, a state must show direct and significant harm from pollution caused by another state to have standing for legal action. Indirectly affected states, without clear proof of damage, generally lack the legal basis to sue.

Currently, there is no universal definition of Indigenous Peoples (IPs) under international law, an intentional decision based on the rationale of the right to self-identification and the fear of over-inclusion or exclusion of certain groups. However, in Philippine law, the Indigenous People's Rights Act of 1997 (IPRA) defines IPs as those who “have continuously lived as organized community on communally bounded and defined territory.... became historically differentiated from the majority of Filipinos..... may have been displaced from their traditional domains” allowing communities to legally identify as IPs through a bureaucratic process under the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples.